History of hospital in United Kingdom

An institutional focus in a hospital setting evolved in England only during the late eighteenth century. In the various part of Britain archeologist have discovered some of the world’s first hospital.

They had excellent plumbing and sewerage systems designed for good hygiene, for some had flushing toilets where water carried away waste products.

The hospitals building are divided into separate wards, probably to isolate infectious disease.

History reveals that one of the first traces of an organized hospital in the United Kingdom was the St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Smithfield in London, founded in 1123.

The hospital was granted a Royal Charter by King Henry VIII in 1546.

Another hospital was St. Nicholas hospitals, Harbledown, near Canterbury. It was founded in the year of 1084, by Archbishop Lanfranc, to care for the outcast, aged and infirm.

In 2010, archeologists discovered the ancient hospital of England in Winchester, Hampshire. Radio carbon analysis provided a date range of AD 960-1030 for a series of burials, many exhibiting evidence of leprosy, on the site.

Voluntary general hospitals and with them the beginning of teaching programs, began to be established in all parts of the country during the eighteenth century. Westminster (1719), Guy’s (1725) and St. George’s (1733) represented the new movement in London.
History of hospital in United Kingdom

History of Mayo Clinic

The Mayo Clinic has its root in the Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln appointed American surgeon William James Mayo as examining surgeon or the Union enrollment boards for the First Minnesota District on April24, 1863.

Shortly after 1880, William James Mayo formed the first group practice, which became the now well-known Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

William James Mayo received his MD degree in 1883 from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and then engaged at Rochester in the private practice of medicine and surgery with his father and after with his younger brother Charles Horace Mayo.

Charlie was a surgical genius and with his brother and the clinic administrator, William James, he had helped build the Clink’s reputation until, despite the town’s population of barely 20,000, it had become one of the most sought after medical referral centers in all of American.

Mayo clinic offered advanced medical and surgical care, to those who could pay or who had private insurance.

The clinic began to grow in size in the early 1900s, when many young physicians began to apply for positions as interns and assistants.

In 1915 the Mayos opened the Mayo Graduate School of Medicine and in 1972 the Mayo Medical School opened.

In 1986 the Mayo Clinic merged with the nearby St. Mary’s Hospital and Rochester Methodist Hospital.
History of Mayo Clinic

Hospital in ancient Rome

The richest Romans have personal physicians to look after their families.

Wealthy people can afford to pay a doctor to visit them at home, but the common folk must attend a surgery or hospital.

The term ‘hospital’ derives from the Latin word, hospitalis, which relates to guests and their treatment. The word refers the early use of these institutions not merely as places of healing but as havens for the poor and weary travelers.

The first public hospital started life as the Temple of Aesculapius on an island in the River Tiber. It was constructed on the island around 291 BC.

The temple was used to house elderly or disabled slaves who could no longer work. They were sent to the island so that no one would have to take care of them.

Romans hospital had excellent plumbing and sewerage systems designed for good hygiene, for some had flushing toilets where water carried away waste products.

The Romans believed ‘the smell of excrement’ was a source of disease. The hospitals building are divided into separate wards, probably to isolate infectious disease.

The size of Roman Empire increased as its armed might grew. Military hospitals accompanied the armies all over the Roman world and spread their medical knowledge and practices to the locals.

Highly organized and effective these military hospitals treated soldiers wounded in battle.
Hospital in ancient Rome

The Great Hospitals of Al-Mansur

The glory of Arabic medicine was its hospitals, founded and endowed by rulers and the nobility who inspired by Islamic teaching.

In 766, al-Mansur summoned Jurjis b. Bakhtishu to become court of physician in his newly built capital, Baghdad.

Within the availability of trained physicians, two hospitals were then founded.

One rather short lived while the other, which has been more significant, was founded by the illustrious caliph Harun Ar-Rashid as a state hospital.

It as headed by Jibril, a grandson of Jurjis, to supervise its establishment.

The best and largest of the Arabian hospitals were at Damascus (1160) and at Cairo (1276).

In 1284, Caliph Al –Mansur Qalawun built Al-Mansur Hospital. The Great Hospital of Al-Mansur at Cairo in 1284 was the largest hospitals ever built with beautifully decorated.

Condition were luxurious. It employed male and female nurses. It was open to all the sick, rich as well as poor; it contained wards for both men and women.

The hospital had also different wards for different diseases e.g. for surgery, fevers and eye disease. It also equipped with outpatients clinics.

The hospital had its pharmacy, library, and lecture halls. Medical teachings were probably given at Bagdad, Damascus and Cairo. The principle courses were clinical medicine, pharmacology and therapeutics. Anatomy and surgery were neglected, chemistry was given social important.
 The Great Hospitals of Al-Mansur